374 research outputs found
Experimental characterization of the electronic structure of anatase TiO2: Thermopower modulation
Thermopower (S) for anatase TiO2 epitaxial films (n3D: 1E17-1E21 /cm3) and
the gate voltage (Vg) dependence of S for thin film transistors (TFTs) based on
TiO2 films were investigated to clarify the electronic density of states (DOS)
around the conduction band bottom. The slope of the |S|-log n3D plots was -20
{\mu}V/K, which is an order magnitude smaller than that of semiconductors (-198
{\mu}V/K), and the |S| values for the TFTs increased with Vg in the low Vg
region, suggesting that the extra tail states are hybridized with the original
conduction band bottom.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figure
Leakage-free electrolytes with different conductivity for non-volatile memory device utilizing insulator/metal ferromagnet transition of SrCoOx
The electrochemical switching of SrCoOx-based non-volatile memory with
thin-film-transistor structure was examined by using liquid-leakage-free
electrolytes with different conductivity (s) as the gate insulator. We first
examined leakage-free water, which is incorporated in the amorphous (a-) 12CaO
7Al2O3 film with nanoporous structure (CAN), but the electrochemical
oxidation/reduction of SrCoOx layer required the application of high gate
voltage (Vg) up to 20 V for a very long retention-time (t) 40 minutes,
primarily due to the low s (2.0 x 10-8 S cm-1 at RT) of leakage-free water.We
then controlled the s of leakage-free electrolyte, infiltrated in the a-NaxTaO3
film with nanopillar array structure, from 8.0 x 10-8 S cm-1 to 2.5 x 10-6 S
cm-1 at RT by changing the x = 0.01-1.0. As the result, the t, required for the
metallization of SrCoOx layer under small Vg = -3 V, becomes two orders of
magnitude shorter with increase of the s of the a-NaxTaO3 leakage-free
electrolyte. These results indicate that the ion migration in the leakage-free
electrolyte is the rate-determining step for the electrochemical switching,
compared to the other electrochemical process, and the high s of the
leakage-free electrolyte is the key factor for the development of the
non-volatile SrCoOx-based electro-magnetic phase switching device
IL-18 with IL-2 protects against Strongyloides venezuelensis infection by activating mucosal mast cell–dependent type 2 innate immunity
C57BL/6 (B6) and B6 background STAT6−/− mice pretreated with IL-18 plus IL-2 showed prominent intestinal mastocytosis and rapidly expelled implanted adult worms of the gastrointestinal nematode Strongyloides venezuelensis. In contrast, identically pretreated mast cell–deficient W/Wv mice failed to do so. Thus, activated mucosal mast cells (MMC) are crucial for parasite expulsion. B6 mice infected with S. venezuelensis third-stage larvae (L3) completed parasite expulsion by day 12 after infection, whereas IL-18−/− or IL-18Rα−/− B6 mice exhibited marked impairment in parasite expulsion, suggesting a substantial contribution of IL-18–dependent MMC activation to parasite expulsion. Compared with IL-18−/− or IL-18Rα−/− mice, S. venezuelensis L3–infected STAT6−/− mice have poorly activated MMC and sustained infection; although their IL-18 production is normal. Neutralization of IL-18 and IL-2 further reduces expulsion in infected STAT6−/− mice. These results suggest that collaboration between IL-18–dependent and Th2 cell–dependent mastocytosis is important for prompt parasite expulsion
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